Akwai nau'ikan polyamide da yawa, kuma nailan 12 ya fito fili don kyakkyawan aikin sa da fa'idodin aikace-aikace.

Polyamide (PA), wanda kuma aka sani da nailan, polymer ne mai ɗauke da ƙungiyoyin amide a cikin maimaita raka'a akan kashin bayan kwayoyin.Ana iya yin nailan ta zama robobi iri-iri, a zana shi cikin zaruruwa, kuma ana iya yin fim, sutura da manne.Saboda nailan yana da juriya mai kyau na inji, juriya na zafi, juriya da sauran kaddarorin, ana iya amfani da samfuran da yawa a cikin tufafi, yarn masana'antu, motoci, injina, lantarki da lantarki, sufuri, masana'antar marufi da sauran fannoni da yawa.
Aikace-aikacen nailan na ƙasa suna da faɗi sosai

Tushen: gidan yanar gizon hukuma na Lianchuang, Cibiyar Nazarin Tsaro ta Changjiang

Iyalin nailan yana ci gaba da girma, kuma aikin nailan na musamman ya fi kyau
Naylon yana da dogon tarihi da iyali girma.A cikin 1935, an haɗa PA66 a karon farko a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, kuma a cikin 1938, DuPont a hukumance ya sanar da haihuwar fiber na roba na farko a duniya kuma ya sanya masa suna nailan.A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, dangin nailan sun haɓaka a hankali, kuma sabbin nau'ikan irin su PA6, PA610, da PA11 sun ci gaba da bayyana.PA6 da PA66.Tare da manyan hanyoyin samarwa da aikace-aikace masu yawa, PA6 da PA66 har yanzu sune nau'ikan samfuran nailan guda biyu da ake buƙata.

Tarihin ci gaban samfuran nailan

Source: Cibiyar Nazarin Masana'antu ta Sin, Cibiyar Nazarin Tsaro ta Changjiang

Nailan za a iya raba zuwa aliphatic, Semi- aromatic, cikakken aromatic, da dai sauransu bisa ga sinadaran tsarin na babban sarkar.Aliphatic polyamide abu ne mai layi na polymer, wanda ke da alaƙa akai-akai ta hanyar sassan sarkar methyl da ƙungiyoyin amide, kuma yana da tauri mai kyau.Gabatar da zoben aromatic a cikin kashin baya na iya iyakance motsi na sarkar kwayoyin halitta da kuma kara yawan zafin jiki na gilashin, don haka inganta yanayin zafi da kaddarorin inji na samfuran nailan.Lokacin da ɗayan albarkatun kasa na polyamide ya ƙunshi zoben benzene, ana iya shirya polyamide Semi-aromatic, kuma lokacin da albarkatun ƙasa biyu suka ƙunshi zoben benzene, za a iya shirya cikakken polyamide mai ƙanshi.Semi-aromatic polyamide zafi juriya, inji Properties suna inganta, kuma yana da kyau girma girma kwanciyar hankali da kuma sauran ƙarfi juriya, cikakken aromatic polyamide yana da matsananci-high ƙarfi, high modules, high zafin jiki juriya, acid da Alkali juriya, radiation juriya da sauran kyau kwarai Properties, amma saboda tsarin sarkar sa mai misaltuwa yana ƙunshe da zoben benzene masu yawa da ƙungiyoyin amide, don haka aikin sarrafawa ya ɗan yi ƙasa da ƙasa, yana da wahala a cimma gyare-gyaren allura, farashin sa ya fi girma.
Tsarin kwayoyin halitta na nau'ikan polyamide daban-daban

Source: Cibiyar Nazarin Masana'antu ta kasar Sin, "Kayan gini da aikace-aikacen Nailan Semi-aromatic", Cibiyar Nazarin Tsaro ta Changjiang
Rarraba da halaye na polyamide

Source: Cibiyar Nazarin Masana'antu ta Sin, .Kaddarorin tsari da aikace-aikace na nailan ɗan ƙamshi, Cibiyar Bincike ta Changjiang Securities
Idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan al'ada, nailan na musamman tare da sabbin monomers na roba yana da kyakkyawan aiki.Ko da bayan gyare-gyare, nailan na al'ada (PA6, PA66, da dai sauransu) har yanzu yana da kasawa kamar ƙarfin ruwa mai ƙarfi, juriya mai zafi, da rashin gaskiya, wanda ke iyakance iyakar aikace-aikacensa zuwa wani matsayi.Sabili da haka, don inganta ƙarancin nailan na al'ada da kuma ƙara sababbin halaye, ana iya samun jerin nailan na musamman tare da kaddarorin daban-daban ta hanyar gabatar da sababbin monomers na roba don daidaitawa zuwa ƙarin yanayin amfani.Waɗannan nailan na ƙwararrun sun haɗa da nailan mai zafin jiki, dogon sarkar carbon nailan, nailan na zahiri, nailan na tushen halittu, da nailan elastomer.

Nau'i da halaye na nailan na musamman

Tushen: Aibon Polymer, Cibiyar Nazarin Tsaro ta Changjiang

An ba da fifiko ga fa'idodin PA12 a cikin dogon sarkar carbon nailan
Dogon sarkar carbon nailan yana da kyakkyawan aiki, kuma nailan 12 yana da duka aiki da fa'idodin farashi.Nailan mai tsayin methylene fiye da 10 tsakanin ƙungiyoyin amide guda biyu a cikin kashin bayan ƙwayoyin nailan ana kiransa dogon sarkar carbon nailan, kuma manyan nau'ikan sun haɗa da nailan 11, nailan 12, nailan 612, nailan 1212, nailan 1012, nailan 1313, da sauransu. Nailan 12 shine mafi yawan amfani da dogon sarkar carbon nailan, ban da yawancin kaddarorin janar na nailan, yana da ƙarancin sha ruwa, kuma yana da kwanciyar hankali mai girma, juriya mai zafi, juriya mai lalata, tauri mai kyau, aiki mai sauƙi da sarrafawa. sauran abũbuwan amfãni.Idan aka kwatanta da PA11, wani dogon carbon sarkar nailan abu, farashin PA12 albarkatun kasa butadiene ne kawai kashi daya bisa uku na PA11 albarkatun kasa Castor man, wanda zai iya maye gurbin PA11 a mafi yawan al'amura, kuma yana da fadi da kewayon aikace-aikace a mota man fetur bututu. bututun birki na iska, igiyoyin ruwa na karkashin ruwa, bugu na 3D da sauran fagage da yawa.

Kwatancen aikin nailan

Tushen: Ci gaba da Aiwatar da Nailan 12, Liyue Chemical, Cibiyar Binciken Tsaro ta Changjiang
Daga baya, za mu zayyana gaba ɗaya yanayin masana'antar nailan, kuma za mu mai da hankali kan bincikenmu kan samarwa da buƙatar masana'antar nailan 12.
Aikace-aikacen yana da furanni masu yawa, kuma buƙatar nailan yana da ƙarfi
Kasuwancin nailan na ci gaban yana girma a hankali, kuma nailan na musamman yana aiki mafi kyau
Bukatar nailan na ci gaba da karuwa a duniya, tare da kasar Sin a matsayin muhimmiyar kasuwa.Dangane da rahotanni da bayanai, girman kasuwar nailan ta duniya ya kai dala biliyan 27.29 a shekarar 2018, kuma ana sa ran girman kasuwar zai ci gaba da bunkasa da kashi 4.3% a nan gaba, kuma ana sa ran wannan adadi zai karu zuwa dala biliyan 38.30 a shekarar 2026. Yankin Asiya-Pacific yana da muhimmiyar kasuwa don amfani da nailan, yayin da kasuwar China ta fi mahimmanci.Alkaluman kididdigar da kamfanin Lingao Consulting ya fitar, an ce, yawan karuwar sikelin kasuwar nailan ta kasar Sin daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2018 ya kai kashi 10.0 cikin 100, kuma a shekarar 2018, sakamakon karuwar girma da farashin kayayyakin nailan, yawan kasuwannin cikin gida ya kai biliyan 101.23. yuan, karuwa a kowace shekara da kashi 30.5%.Bisa kididdigar da aka yi kan bayanan da ake amfani da su, da cin gajiyar saurin bunkasuwar tattalin arzikin cikin gida, yawan amfanin da kayayyakin nailan a kasar Sin ya nuna ya kai tan miliyan 4.327 a shekarar 2018, kuma yawan karuwar da aka samu daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2018 ya kai kashi 11.0%.
Girman kasuwar nylon na kasar Sin na ci gaba da bunkasa
Ana ci gaba da samun bunkasuwar masana'antar nailan a kasar Sin
Source: Lingao Consulting, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Tushen: Ling Ao Consulting, Babban Gudanarwar Kwastam, Cibiyar Binciken Tsaro ta Changjiang

Girman kasuwa na nailan na musamman ya kusan kusan kashi 10%, wanda nailan 12 ke da mafi girman kaso.Dangane da bayanan MRFR, girman kasuwar nailan na musamman na duniya ya kai dala biliyan 2.64 a cikin 2018, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 9.7% na jimlar.Bukatar ceton makamashi mai nauyi da kore makamashi na motoci shine babban abin da zai haifar da ci gaban bukatar kasuwar nailan ta musamman, kuma ana sa ran kasuwar nailan ta musamman ta duniya za ta ci gaba da bunkasa da kashi 5.5% a nan gaba, wanda shine sama da masana'antar nailan gabaɗaya.A duk kasuwannin nailan na musamman, mafi girman samfura a kasuwa shine nailan 12, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin allunan filastik, kera motoci, kera jiragen sama, bugu na 3D, na'urorin lantarki, na'urorin inji, fasahar likitanci, masana'antar mai da iskar gas da sauran fannoni. , tare da karfi irreplaceability.Dangane da bayanan MRFR, girman kasuwar nailan 12 na duniya ya kai dala biliyan 1.07 a cikin 2018 kuma ana tsammanin zai yi girma a hankali zuwa dala biliyan 1.42 a cikin 2024 a ƙimar haɓakar haɓakar 5.2%.

Rarraba aikace-aikace na ƙasa na Nylon 12 (2018)
Nailan 12 girman kasuwar duniya yana haɓaka akai-akai (dalar Amurka biliyan)
Tushen: Binciken MRFR, Cibiyar Nazarin Tsaro ta Changjiang
Tushen: Binciken MRFR, Cibiyar Nazarin Tsaro ta Changjiang

A ƙasa muna nazarin aikace-aikacen nailan 12 a cikin motoci, bugu na 3D, hakar mai da iskar gas da sauran fannoni da yawa.

Bukatar haɓakar buƙatu tana haifar da yanayin abubuwan hawa marasa nauyi
A cikin tsarin buƙatun nailan 12, mafi girman kasuwar aikace-aikacen ita ce masana'antar kera motoci, kuma aikace-aikacen nailan 12 a cikin masana'antar kera kera motoci ya kai kashi 36.7% na kudaden shiga na kasuwa gabaɗaya a cikin 2018. Nauyin nauyi na motoci shine babban yanayin zamani a yau. masana'antar kera motoci, don rage nauyin motar, ba tare da ɓata aminci da kwanciyar hankali ba, mafita mafi mahimmanci shine maye gurbin sassan ƙarfe a cikin motar.Nylon 12 za a iya amfani da ko'ina a cikin mota ruwa sufuri bututu, ciki har da man fetur Lines, kama Lines, injin birki supercharger Lines, iska birki Lines, baturi coolant Lines da gidajen abinci na sama bututu, saboda ta aminci da amincin, shi ne mai kyau kwarai. kayan nauyi mai nauyi na mota.

Wani ɓangare na aikace-aikacen nailan 12 a cikin motoci

Tushen: Gidan yanar gizon UBE, Cibiyar Nazarin Tsaro ta Changjiang

Idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfe da kayan roba, nailan 12 yana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci.Idan aka kwatanta da kayan ƙarfe, kayan nailan 12 yana da nauyi, wanda zai iya rage nauyin dukan abin hawa kuma don haka rage yawan makamashi;Kyakkyawan sassauci, mai sauƙin shiryawa, zai iya rage haɗin gwiwa, ba sauƙin lalacewa ta hanyar tasiri na waje;Kyakkyawan rawar jiki da juriya na lalata;Haɗin gwiwa yana da kyau mai kyau da shigarwa mai sauƙi;Extrusion yana da sauƙi kuma tsari yana da sauƙi.Idan aka kwatanta da kayan roba, bututun da aka yi da kayan nailan 12 suna da bangon bakin ciki, ƙananan ƙarar da nauyi mai nauyi, wanda ba ya shafar tsarin sararin samaniya;Kyakkyawan elasticity, zai iya kula da elasticity a ƙarƙashin matsanancin yanayin zafi da kuma kyakkyawan juriya na tsufa;Babu buƙatar vulcanization, babu buƙatar ƙara ƙwanƙwasa, fasahar sarrafawa mai sauƙi.

Yaduwar motocin masu nauyi da sabbin motocin makamashi suna tuki buƙatar nailan 12. Game da 70% na hoses na mota (bututun birki, bututun mai, clutch hoses, da sauransu) a cikin Turai suna amfani da kayan nailan 12, da 50% na hoses na motoci a cikin Amurka tana amfani da kayan nailan 12.Domin inganta aikin samar da wutar lantarki, kungiyar SAE ta kasar Sin ta ba da amanar kwamitin ba da shawara kan samar da wutar lantarki ta kasa da ma'aikatar masana'antu da fasahar watsa labaru, kuma masana masana'antu fiye da 500 ne suka yi bincike, hada da fitar da "Fasaha" Taswirar hanya don ceton makamashi da sabbin motocin makamashi", jera "fasaha mai nauyi mai nauyi" a matsayin ɗayan manyan hanyoyin fasaha guda bakwai, da kuma ƙaddamar da manufar rage nauyin abin hawa da kashi 10%, 20% da 35% a cikin 2020, 2025 da 2030 idan aka kwatanta da 2015, kuma ana sa ran yanayin nauyi zai haifar da haɓakar buƙatun kayan nauyi.Bugu da kari, tare da haɓaka sabbin motocin makamashi, ana buƙatar nailan 12 don tsarin mai da tsarin batir don nau'ikan lantarki da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan.Yayin da tasirin cutar ke raguwa sannu a hankali, ana sa ran samarwa da sayar da motoci da sabbin motoci masu amfani da makamashi a kasar Sin za su sake samun bunkasuwa, wanda zai ci gaba da haifar da bukatar nailan 12 don kara fadada.
Kera motoci da sayar da motoci na kasar Sin
Haɓaka da sayar da sabbin motocin makamashi a China
Madogara: Ƙungiyar masana'antun kera motoci ta kasar Sin, Cibiyar Nazarin Tsaro ta Changjiang
Madogara: Ƙungiyar masana'antun kera motoci ta kasar Sin, Cibiyar Nazarin Tsaro ta Changjiang

Kayan bugu na 3D maras ma'amala
Kasuwar duniya na bugu na 3D na girma cikin sauri, kuma saurin bunkasuwar masana'antu a kasar Sin ya kara habaka sosai.Ƙarfafa masana'anta (bugu na 3D) yana da tasiri mai zurfi akan ƙirar samfurin gargajiya, kwararar tsari, layin samarwa, yanayin masana'anta, da haɗin sarkar masana'antu saboda ikonsa na saurin kera nau'ikan tsarin tsari daban-daban, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan wakilai kuma ya damu da fasahohin rushewa a cikin masana'antar masana'antu, kuma an san shi da ainihin fasaha na "juyin juya halin masana'antu na uku".A cewar Wohlers Associates, ƙimar fitarwar masana'antar bugu na 3D ta duniya ta karu daga dala biliyan 1.33 a cikin 2010 zuwa dala biliyan 8.37 a cikin 2018, tare da CAGR na 25.9%.Fasahar bugu ta 3D ta kasar Sin ta fara a makare idan aka kwatanta da kasashen Turai da Amurka, amma saurin bunkasuwar masana'antu ya kara habaka sosai a 'yan shekarun nan.Bisa kididdigar da cibiyar binciken masana'antu mai yiwuwa ta yi, girman kasuwan da masana'antun buga 3D na kasar Sin ya kai dalar Amurka miliyan 160 kawai a shekarar 2012, kuma ya karu cikin sauri zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 2.09 a shekarar 2018.
Ƙimar fitarwa da ƙimar haɓakar masana'antar bugu na 3D ta duniya
Girman girma da haɓakar kasuwar bugu na 3D ta China
Source: Wohlers Associates, Wind, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Tushen: Tsohon Cibiyar Nazarin Masana'antu, Cibiyar Nazarin Tsaro ta Changjiang

Kayayyaki sune mahimman tushen kayan aiki don haɓaka fasahar bugu na 3D.Ayyukan kayan aiki yana ƙayyade ko bugu na 3D zai iya samun aikace-aikace mai faɗi, kuma shi ma ƙulli ne wanda a halin yanzu ya taƙaita haɓakar bugun 3D.Bisa kididdigar da aka samu daga kasuwanni da kasuwanni, girman kasuwar duniya na kayayyakin bugu na 3D ya zarce dala biliyan 1 a shekarar 2018 kuma ana sa ran za ta zarce dala biliyan 4.5 a shekarar 2024. Bisa kididdigar da cibiyar bincike kan masana'antu mai yiwuwa, ma'aunin kayan bugu na 3D na kasar Sin ya nuna. kasuwa ta ci gaba da samun bunkasuwa cikin sauri, daga yuan miliyan 260 a shekarar 2012 zuwa yuan biliyan 2.99 a shekarar 2017, kuma ana sa ran girman kasuwar kayayyakin bugu na 3D na kasar Sin zai zarce yuan biliyan 16 a shekarar 2024.

Girman kasuwar kayan bugu na 3D na duniya 2017-2024 (dalar Amurka biliyan)
2012-2024 China's 3D bugu kayan kasuwar girman (100 miliyan Yuan)
Tushen: Kasuwa da Kasuwanni, Cibiyar Nazarin Tsaro ta Changjiang
Tushen: Cibiyar Binciken Masana'antu mai yiwuwa, Cibiyar Binciken Tsaro ta Changjiang
Nylon 12 abu yana aiki da kyau a cikin bugu na 3D.Idan aka kwatanta da sauran kayan, PA12 foda yana da kyawawan halaye irin su high fluidity, low a tsaye wutar lantarki, low ruwa sha, matsakaici narkewa batu da kuma high girma daidaito na kayayyakin, gajiya juriya da taurin kuma iya saduwa da bukatun workpieces bukatar high inji Properties, don haka nailan 12 a hankali ya zama kyakkyawan abu don bugu na 3D na robobin injiniya.

Aikace-aikacen PA12 a cikin bugu na 3D

Tushen: Gidan yanar gizon Sculpteo, Cibiyar Bincike ta Changjiang Securities
Kwatanta kaddarorin bugu na 3D (daga 5)

Tushen: Gidan yanar gizon Sculpteo, Cibiyar Bincike ta Changjiang Securities

Bisa kididdigar da Cibiyar Binciken Masana'antu ta Prospective Industry, PA12 ta kasance na hudu mafi girma a cikin masana'antar buga bugu na 3D a duniya a shekarar 2017, wanda ya kai kashi 5.6%, kuma a shekarar 2018, kayan buga nailan 3D na kasar Sin ya kai kashi 14.1%.Samar da kayan nailan 12 na cikin gida a nan gaba zai aza harsashi ga bunkasuwar masana'antar bugu na 3D ta kasar Sin.

Tsarin kasuwar bugu na 3D na duniya a cikin 2017
Tsarin kasuwa na kayan bugu na 3D a China a cikin 2018
Tushen: Cibiyar Nazarin Masana'antu ta Qianqi, Cibiyar Nazarin Tsaro ta Changjiang
Tushen: Cibiyar Binciken Masana'antu mai yiwuwa, Cibiyar Binciken Tsaro ta Changjiang
Manyan kayan aiki don masana'antar watsa mai da iskar gas
Jirgin man fetur da iskar gas yana sanya manyan buƙatu akan kayan.PA12 abu da aka yi amfani da onshore da kuma na teku m risers, gas bututu, linings, karfe bututu coatings na shekaru masu yawa, wanda zai iya hana ruwa yashwa da kuma lalata na mai ruwaye, kuma ana amfani da su tsirar m risers domin safarar subsea mai da iskar gas kayayyakin. haɗe-haɗe-haɗe, tsarin rarraba iskar gas a matsin lamba har zuwa 20bar, da sauransu, waɗanda ke da kyakkyawar rayuwar sabis da kariya ta lalata fiye da sauran kayan, kuma sune manyan kayan aiki don haɓaka haɓakar masana'antar sufurin mai da iskar gas.A matsayin bututun iskar gas, an yi amfani da PA12 sama da shekaru goma.Idan aka kwatanta da bututun ƙarfe da ake amfani da su a cikin matsanancin matsin lamba na al'ada ko isar da iskar gas mai ƙarfi, bututun gas na PA12 na iya tsawaita rayuwar bututun kuma yana rage farashin shimfida bututun da kuma kula da shi na gaba.Kasar Sin ta ba da shawarar a cikin "tsarin shekaru goma sha uku na shekaru biyar" cewa, a lokacin "tsari na shekaru biyar na goma sha uku", za a samar da bututun danyen mai kimanin kilomita 5,000, da bututun mai mai tsawon kilomita 12,000, da sabon tankar iskar gas mai tsawon kilomita 40,000 da bututun tallafi. gina, samar da sabon kuzari ga ci gaban PA12.

Wurin shigar da bututun gas na PA12 a Beckum, Jamus

Tushen: Cibiyar Bincike ta Securities Changjiang, gidan yanar gizon hukuma na kamfanin
Abokan muhalli kuma abin dogaro na kebul da kushin waya
.Ana iya amfani da PA12 don igiyoyi na karkashin ruwa da kayan kwalliyar kebul na iyo, kebul anti-ant sheath, fiber na gani.Nylon 12 yana da ƙananan zafin jiki da kuma kyakkyawan juriya na yanayi, wanda ya dace musamman don kera igiyoyin sadarwa na musamman na filin da ake buƙata don duk yanayin yanayi (-50 ~ 70 ° C).An yi amfani da shi azaman kebul na jirgin ruwa na kebul na igiyar ruwa da kayan haɗin kebul na iyo, dole ne ya yi la'akari da yanayi na musamman da yanayin aiki na musamman a cikin amfani da ruwa, don haka ana buƙatar waya don samun ɗan ƙaramin diamita na waje, sa juriya, jure wani matsin ruwa, isasshen ƙarfi, da isassun juriya na rufi a cikin ruwan teku.Nylon 12 shine insulator mai kyau na lantarki, ba zai tasiri aikin rufin ba saboda danshi, koda kuwa an sanya shi cikin ruwa (ko a cikin ruwan teku) na dogon lokaci, juriyar sa har yanzu yana da girma sosai, aƙalla tsari na girma mafi girma. fiye da sauran nailan kayan, aikace-aikace na PA12 abu cladding waya lalata sakamako ne mai kyau, impregnated a kan seabed tsawon shekaru uku ba tare da canji.Cable anti-mosquito sheath a baya ya yi ta PE, PVC tare da kwari ko tagulla hanyar kunsa, akwai babban farashi, m tabbatarwa, muhalli gurbatawa, muhalli lalacewa, m ingancin lokaci da sauran kasawa, aikace-aikace na nailan 12 sheath ne a halin yanzu a mafi amintaccen kuma hanyar da ta dace da muhalli.Bugu da ƙari, asarar siginar ƙwayar fiber na gani da aka yi da kayan PA12 shine mafi ƙasƙanci a tsakanin kayan haɗin gwiwar, don haka ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin kullin fiber sadarwa na USB.
Nailan 12 don Fiber Optical Fiber (POF)

Tushen: Cibiyar Bincike ta Securities Changjiang, gidan yanar gizon hukuma na kamfanin

Photovoltaic, lantarki, shafi, marufi, filayen likita suna da nasu basira
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ana buƙatar sassan lantarki don yin aiki tare da ƙananan ƙararrawa, kuma abubuwan da aka yi da nailan 12 za a iya rufe su, kuma ana amfani da su sosai a cikin na'urar rikodin kaset, agogon agogo, na'urorin lantarki da ƙananan kayan aikin injiniya.Resistance nailan 12 yana canzawa sosai tare da zafin jiki, kuma canjin riƙewa kaɗan ne, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don kera abubuwan gano zafin jiki na barguna na lantarki da kafet na lantarki.
An rufe shi da nailan 12, fim ɗin da aka rufe yana da mafi kyawun juriya na lalacewa, don haka ana amfani dashi sau da yawa a cikin samar da kayan aiki masu mahimmanci da adhesives.Ana iya amfani da PA12 a cikin kwandon kwanon sabon injin wanki don tabbatar da cewa ba a yi amfani da kwandon ƙarfe na ƙarfe ba a cikin mahalli mai tsabta mai zafi kuma yana da tsawon rayuwar sabis;Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin kayan waje, kamar wuraren shakatawa, wanda zai iya hana lalata ƙarfe da kyau bayan shafa PA12.
PA12 film m, ba mai guba, ruwa tururi da kuma iskar gas (Oz, N2, CO2) watsa ne low, adana a cikin ruwan zãfi na shekara guda yi bai canza ba, da kuma polyethylene hura extrusion hada fim za a iya amfani da su samar da fim takardar, tare da shi zuwa ga. karewa da kunshin abinci, tare da fa'idodin ƙamshi, juriya na haifuwa da ƙarancin zafin jiki mai kyau.Nailan 12 yana da mannewa mai kyau ga ƙarfe, kuma lokacin haɗa abinci, ƙimar rufewa shine 100%, kuma ƙarfin peeling yana da girma.
Hakanan ana amfani da PA12 azaman kayan aikin jinya, inda kayan aikin injin catheter ke da mahimmanci musamman, kuma catheter ɗin da aka yi dole ne ya kasance mai sauƙin zare, amma ba lanƙwasa ba kuma ba zai taɓa karye ba.PA12 abu ne mai kyau don samar da catheter saboda babban fashe matsa lamba, sassauci mai kyau, juriya na sinadarai, dacewa da ruwan jiki da marasa guba, daidai da bukatun Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka da Tarayyar Turai don samfuran likita.

Kamfanonin kasashen waje sun mamaye samar da kayayyaki, ana sa ran kayayyakin da ake samarwa a cikin gida za su karya ta hanyar saurin bunkasuwar masana'antar nailan, kuma har yanzu akwai gibi a manyan nau'ikan kayayyaki.
Ƙarfin samar da nailan na China yana haɓaka cikin sauri, amma har yanzu ana buƙatar shigo da kayayyaki masu daraja.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an ci moriyar karuwar samar da sinadarin caprolactam a cikin gida, wanda shi ne babban danyen nailan 6, da saurin ja da bukatuwa cikin sauri, fasahar samar da nailan ta kasar Sin ta samu ci gaba cikin sauri, kuma karfin samar da kayayyaki ya shiga wani mataki na samun ci gaba cikin sauri. .A shekarar 2018, karfin samar da nailan na kasar Sin a duk shekara ya kai tan miliyan 5.141, CAGR=12.7% daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2018, haka kuma abin da aka fitar ya karu cikin sauri tare da karfin samarwa, inda aka samu karin tan miliyan 3.766 a shekarar 2018 da CAGR=15.8% Daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2018. Dangane da bayanan shigo da kaya da fitar da kayayyaki, masana'antun nailan na kasar Sin sun kiyaye yawan shigo da kayayyaki daga kasashen waje, inda yawan kudin da ake shigo da su ya kai ton 508,000 a shekarar 2019, musamman ma wasu manyan kayayyaki har yanzu suna da dogaro sosai kan shigo da kayayyaki, kuma akwai adadi mai yawa. sarari don sauya shigo da kaya a nan gaba.
Yawan samar da nailan na kasar Sin na ci gaba da bunkasa
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, shigo da nailan na masana'antar nailan a kasar Sin
Source: Lingao Consulting, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Tushen: Babban Hukumar Kwastam, Cibiyar Binciken Tsaro ta Changjiang
Shingayen fasaha suna haifar da babban taro, kuma oligopolies sun mamaye kasuwar nailan 12

Babban tsarin samar da nailan 12 shine hanyar oxime, kuma shingen fasaha yana da girma.Nylon 12 yawanci ana shirya shi ta hanyar cyclododecatriene (CDT) da laurolactam ring-bude polycondensation ta amfani da butadiene azaman albarkatun ƙasa, kuma tsarin ya haɗa da hanyar oxime, hanyar nitrosation na gani da hanyar Snya, wanda hanyar oxime shine babban tsari.Samar da nailan 12 ta hanyar oxyidation oxime yana buƙatar tafiya ta matakai 7, kamar su triperization, catalytic hydrogenation, oxidation, ketification, oximization, Beckmann sake tsarawa, polymerization na buɗewa, da dai sauransu, kuma dukan tsari yana amfani da benzene, fuming sulfuric acid. da sauran abubuwa masu guba da masu lalata, zazzabi na polymerization na buɗewa yana buƙatar zama 270-300 ° C, kuma matakan samarwa suna da wahalar aiki.A halin yanzu, yawancin masana'antun da Evonik ke wakilta suna amfani da hanyar butadiene na yau da kullun a matsayin albarkatun ƙasa, kuma bayan masana'antar Ube ta Japan ta sami lasisin fasaha na Kamfanin Petrochemical na Biritaniya, ta karɓi hanyar hanyar cyclohexanone azaman albarkatun ƙasa don cimma samar da masana'antu na PA12. .

Hanyar roba ta nailan 12

Tushen: Ci gaba da Aiwatar da Dogon Sarkar Carbon Nylon 11, 12 da 1212, Cibiyar Binciken Tsaro ta Changjiang

A karkashin oligopoly, nailan 12 na masana'antu taro yana da girma sosai.A cikin 70s na karni na 20th, nailan 12 ya fara samar da masana'antu daga Degussa na Jamus, wanda ya riga ya zama masana'antar Evonik Industries (Evonik), sannan Swiss EMS, Faransa Arkema da Ube Industries na Japan (UBE) suma sun sanar da labarin samar da masana'antu, kuma Manyan masana'antun guda hudu sun kware sosai wajen samar da fasahar samar da nailan 12 na kusan rabin karni.A halin yanzu, ƙarfin samar da nailan 12 na duniya ya zarce ton 100,000 / shekara, wanda Evonik yana da damar samar da kusan tan 40,000 a shekara, wanda ya fara daraja.A cikin 2014, INVISTA ta shigar da aikace-aikacen haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka na kayan albarkatun nailan 12, da fatan shiga kasuwar resin nailan 12, amma har yanzu babu labarin samarwa.

Saboda ƙayyadaddun yanayin yanayin gasa, abubuwan gaggawa na gefen wadata za su yi tasiri sosai kan wadatar da kasuwar gaba ɗaya.Misali, a ranar 31 ga Maris, 2012, masana'antar Evonik da ke Marl, a Jamus, ta haifar da fashewar wani abu, sakamakon gobarar da ta tashi, wanda ya yi tasiri wajen samar da muhimman albarkatun CDT na fiye da watanni 8, wanda ya haifar da karancin kayan aikin CDT, wanda a cikin Juyayin ya haifar da ƙarancin wadatar PA12 a duniya, har ma ya sa wasu masana'antun kera motoci suka kasa farawa akai-akai.Sai da aka mayar da kamfanin na Evonik CDT zuwa samarwa a karshen shekarar 2012, sannu a hankali aka dawo da samar da nailan 12.

Don biyan buƙatu mai ƙarfi, giant ɗin ya sanar da shirye-shiryen faɗaɗa samarwa.Domin saduwa da ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun kayan PA12 na ƙasa, a cikin 2018, Arkema ya sanar da cewa zai haɓaka ƙarfin samar da kayan aikin PA12 na duniya da kashi 25% a harabar Changshu ta China, kuma ana sa ran fara samarwa a tsakiyar 2020.Har ila yau, Evonik na Jamus ya ba da sanarwar zuba jarin Yuro miliyan 400 don faɗaɗa ƙarfin samar da kayan masarufi na PA12 da kashi 50 cikin ɗari a filin shakatawa na Marl, wanda aka shirya fara aiki a farkon 2021.

Wasu wuraren samar da PA12 a cikin Marl
Nailan 12 masana'antu maida hankali ne sosai high
Tushen: Gidan yanar gizon Evonik, Cibiyar Binciken Tsaro ta Changjiang
Tushen: Cibiyar Nazarin Tsaro ta Changjiang

Tare da taimakon manufofi da manufofi, kamfanonin cikin gida suna fuskantar matsaloli

Kamfanonin cikin gida sun magance dogon sarkar nailan, kuma wasu nau'ikan sun sami ci gaba.A cikin shekaru 50 na karni na karshe, kasar Sin ta fara kokarin gano yadda ake samar da nailan na musamman wanda ke wakiltar dogon sarkar carbon nailan, amma saboda hadaddun hanyoyin aiwatarwa, yanayin samar da yanayi, matakai da yawa na kira, tsada da sauran dalilai, har zuwa shekarun 90s. , Tsawon sarkar carbon carbon nailan samar da masana'antu har yanzu ya tsaya cak.A lokacin "shirin shekaru biyar na tara", tawagar binciken nailan na jami'ar Zhengzhou da cibiyar nazarin halittu ta kwalejin kimiyyar kasar Sin sun gudanar da wani muhimmin shirin bincike na kimiyya da fasaha na kasa baki daya, tare da bincike da raya fasahar samar da masana'antu ta PA1212 bio-fermentation na dodeca-carbodiacid, da kuma hadin gwiwa tare da Shandong Zibo Guangtong Chemical Company cimma masana'antu samar, bugu da kari, Shandong Guangyin New Materials Co., Ltd. kuma ya yi nasara a PA610, PA612, PA1012 da sauran iri.

PA12 ya fi wahala, kuma ana iya tsammanin ci gaba tare da taimakon manufofi.A shekarar 1977, Jiangsu Huayin Research Institute of Chemical Industry and Shanghai Institute of Synthetic Materials, sun hada kai don aiwatar da hadakar nailan 12 tare da butadiene a matsayin danyen abu.Daga bisani, Baling Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (tsohon Yueyang Petrochemical General Shuka) za'ayi wani karamin-sikelin kira nailan 12 tare da cyclohexanone a matsayin albarkatun kasa, amma saboda kira hanya na PA12 har zuwa 7 matakai da kuma musamman high shinge. Kamfanonin cikin gida har yanzu ba su kai ga samar da masana'antu ba, kuma har yanzu PA12 na dogara kan shigo da kaya.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kasar Sin ta ci gaba da gabatar da manufofin karfafa raya masana'antun nailan na musamman, da sa kaimi ga aiwatar da aiwatar da aiwatar da aikin sarrafa kayayyakin nailan na musamman, tare da taimakon manufofi, kamfanonin cikin gida za su ci gaba da fuskantar matsaloli, ana sa ran za su karya tsarin mulkin mallaka. Farashin PA12.

Manufar tana ƙarfafa haɓaka masana'antun nailan na musamman kamar dogon sarkar nailan

Madogararsa: Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Fasahar Watsa Labarai, China International Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., China Machinery Industry Federation, da dai sauransu, Changjiang Securities Research Institute